Landmark Infrastructure Projects
NYC's largest active infrastructure megaprojects — transit, port authority, and other public-agency work too large, and structurally outside NYC DOB's permitting system, to appear anywhere else on this site. Distinct from $1B+ Projects, which ranks real DOB filings by cost (and rarely crosses $1B on a single filing, for reasons explained there) — these are hand-researched and verified individually, not pulled from a live feed.
No live NYC or federal dataset tracks megaproject-level infrastructure work the way DOB tracks private building permits, so each project below is individually researched against real news reporting and the responsible agency's own materials, with a source link on every budget figure, phase, and contractor named.
Budget, by Project (relative scale)
- JFK Airport Redevelopment (New Terminal One & Terminal 6)$19.00B
- Hudson Tunnel Project (Gateway Program)$16.00B
- Midtown Bus Terminal Replacement$10.00B
- Penn Station Reconstruction (New York Penn Station Transformation)$7.50B
- Second Avenue Subway Phase 2$6.99B
- Interborough Express (IBX)$5.50B
- BQE Central (Brooklyn-Queens Expressway Triple Cantilever Reconstruction)$4.75B
A single representative figure per project (midpoint of a reported range where one is disclosed) — for relative scale only. See each project's own real, sourced budget figure and caveats below and on its full page.
Midtown Bus Terminal Replacement
Port Authority of New York & New Jersey · Manhattan, W. 40th–42nd St. between 8th & 9th Ave., with ramp structures extending toward Dyer Ave.
A full replacement of the Port Authority's 1950-built Midtown Bus Terminal, the busiest bus terminal in the world by passenger volume. The plan replaces the aging terminal in two phases rather than closing it during construction: a temporary interim terminal is built first, the existing 1950 structure is then demolished, and a new permanent main terminal is built on the same site.
Budget: $10 billion (full replacement program)Status: Under construction — Phase 1 (interim terminal & ramps)Building itTutor Perini Corporation · STV-Turner (joint venture of STV Incorporated and Turner Construction) · AECOM Tishman · MLJ Contracting
Full tracker, contractors & news →Second Avenue Subway Phase 2
Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) · Extends the Q line from 96th St. along Second Avenue to 125th St., then west to Park Avenue, East Harlem, Manhattan (~1.5 miles, three new stations at 106th, 116th, and 125th Streets)
Phase 2 extends the Second Avenue Subway (Q line) into East Harlem, funded partly by NYC's Congestion Relief Zone tolling revenue and a $3.4 billion Federal Transit Administration Capital Investment Grant secured by Sen. Chuck Schumer's office. MTA says reusing a 1970s-built tunnel stub for the future 116th St. station has saved roughly $1.3 billion, making Phase 2 about 10% cheaper per mile than Phase 1. In October 2025, the federal Office of Management and Budget withheld this project's federal grant (along with funding for the Hudson Tunnel Project) citing objections to "DEI principles"; the MTA sued and the funds were released in April 2026.
Budget: $6.99 billion, per the Governor's officeStatus: Under construction — utility relocation and early civil work; heavy tunneling targeted to start 2027Building itConnect Plus Partners (Halmar International + FCC Construction joint venture) · Skanska-Traylor-Walsh joint venture (Skanska USA, Traylor Bros., Walsh Construction)
Full tracker, contractors & news →Hudson Tunnel Project (Gateway Program)
Gateway Development Commission (bi-state NY/NJ authority) · ~10-mile stretch of the Northeast Corridor between Newark, NJ and NY Penn Station, including a new 2-tube tunnel under the Hudson River and rehabilitation of the 115-year-old existing North River Tunnel
Builds a new Hudson River rail tunnel (opening targeted 2035) and rehabilitates the century-old existing tunnel (targeted complete 2038), doubling passenger-rail tunnel capacity between New Jersey and Manhattan. In October 2025 the federal Office of Management and Budget withheld funding for this project (along with Second Avenue Subway Phase 2), citing objections to "DEI principles"; work was briefly suspended February 2–6, 2026 before $235 million in unfrozen funds allowed full resumption on February 24, 2026.
Budget: $16 billion. Roughly 70% (~$12B) is federal grants/loans; the remainder is funded by NY, NJ, and Port Authority repayment of USDOT Build America Bureau loans.Status: Under construction — 7 of 10 construction packages in progress or completeBuilding itSkanska / Walsh / Traylor joint venture · Halmar International / FCC Construction joint venture · J.F. Shea / Kiewit joint venture
Full tracker, contractors & news →BQE Central (Brooklyn-Queens Expressway Triple Cantilever Reconstruction)
NYC Department of Transportation, with NYSDOT/FHWA as environmental-review partners · 1.5-mile city-owned segment of the BQE in Brooklyn Heights, from Atlantic Avenue to Sands Street, including the 0.4-mile 'Triple Cantilever' structure beneath the Brooklyn Heights Promenade, built in the 1940s under Robert Moses
DOT has cycled through multiple redesign concepts for this 1940s triple-decker highway structure, including a 2024 'stacked lanes' proposal that would replace the current three-tier cantilever with lanes stacked directly atop one another, freeing space below for Furman Street. A 2020 engineering panel warned the cantilever could become unsafe for truck traffic as early as 2026, risking rerouting roughly 16,000 trucks a day onto local Brooklyn streets if not addressed. No construction contractor has been selected; the project remains in the planning and environmental-review stage, with an Environmental Impact Statement process underway.
Budget: Not finalized. Reported planning estimates range from roughly $4 billion (per amNY) to $5–5.5 billion (per a 2024 DOT plan reported by Bloomberg). DOT's current 5-year capital plan allocates only $174 million toward the BQE, which DOT itself has said is insufficient to fund reconstruction.Status: In design and environmental review — construction not expected to begin before 2029Building itGannett Fleming Management Services LLC · VHB Engineering
Full tracker, contractors & news →JFK Airport Redevelopment (New Terminal One & Terminal 6)Largest Budget
Port Authority of New York & New Jersey · John F. Kennedy International Airport, Queens — spans Terminals 1, 4, 6, and 8
An airport-wide public-private redevelopment replacing or rebuilding two full terminals and expanding two others. New Terminal One ($9.5 billion) will be JFK's largest terminal with 22-23 widebody gates, replacing the demolished former Terminals 2 and 3. New Terminal 6 ($4.2 billion) replaces the old Terminals 6/7. Port Authority reports the program supports roughly 9,600 direct construction jobs and 15,000+ total jobs, plus $2.7 billion in contracting with minority- and women-owned businesses.
Budget: $19 billion — $15 billion in private investment (new terminals) plus $3.9 billion in Port Authority funding (roadways/infrastructure)Status: Under construction, phased opening — Terminal 6 opened its first gates May 2026; New Terminal One's first gates targeted for late 2026Building itJFK Millennium Partners (Vantage Group, American Triple I, RXR, JetBlue) · New Terminal One Consortium (Ferrovial, Carlyle, JLC Infrastructure, Ullico) · AECOM Tishman · Gensler
Full tracker, contractors & news →Penn Station Reconstruction (New York Penn Station Transformation)
Amtrak / U.S. Department of Transportation · Penn Station, Eighth Avenue between 31st and 33rd Streets, Manhattan, beneath Madison Square Garden
A full overhaul of the Western Hemisphere's busiest transit hub (600,000+ daily riders), consolidating station activity onto a single-level concourse with a new stone-and-bronze train hall and a new Eighth Avenue grand entrance. Madison Square Garden will remain in place — not relocated — and MSG and all railroads are planned to continue operating throughout construction. Architectural design is led by Practice for Architecture and Urbanism (Vishaan Chakrabarti); USDOT and Amtrak have stated the project is planned to be built entirely under union labor agreements.
Budget: $7-8 billion, reported as a range rather than one exact figure. Funding mechanics are still in flux: an earlier $1.3 billion New York State commitment made under a 2023-era MTA-led plan was reportedly reallocated after the federal government took over the lead role in 2025, and the FY2026 NY State budget separately reallocated up to $1.2 billion originally earmarked for Penn Station toward the Interborough Express project instead.Status: In design, pre-construction — Pre-Development Agreement phase runs through 2027; groundbreaking targeted by end of 2027Building itPenn Transformation Partners (Halmar International + Skanska joint venture) · Practice for Architecture and Urbanism (PAU) — Vishaan Chakrabarti
Full tracker, contractors & news →Interborough Express (IBX)
Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) · A new 14-mile light rail line along the existing, mostly-freight Bay Ridge Branch right-of-way, from Bay Ridge, Brooklyn to Jackson Heights, Queens — 19 stations across 14 neighborhoods including Sunset Park, Flatbush, Bushwick, and Ridgewood, connecting to 17 subway lines, 50 bus routes, and 2 LIRR stations.
The first entirely new rail transit line built in New York City in decades: a light rail connection between Brooklyn and Queens that never routes through Manhattan, aimed at historically transit-underserved neighborhoods along the corridor. End-to-end travel time is projected at 32 minutes.
Budget: $5.5 billion total project cost, of which $2.75 billion (50%) is funded in the MTA's 2025-2029 Capital Plan. A separate $432 million is budgeted for train cars.Status: In environmental review and preliminary design — no construction start date announcedBuilding itJacobs / HDR (joint venture)
Full tracker, contractors & news →
The Firms Behind Them
Every contractor, engineer, developer and agency named on these projects — and on the tracked skyline towers and office conversions — ranked by how many tracked projects each is on. The same few joint-venture partners recur across NYC's biggest tunnels and stations.